What types of templates can I provide for mRNA synthesis?

We accept linearized plasmid, PCR products, and cDNA. The template must contain a T7 or SP6 promoter. We can also perform gene synthesis, codon optimization, and cloning into a suitable vector.

Which modified nucleosides are available for reducing immunogenicity?

We offer pseudo-UTP, N1-methylpseudo-UTP, 5-methoxy-UTP, and other modified nucleotides. The choice is scoped during consultation to balance stability and translational activity.

How is capping efficiency measured and controlled?

Capping efficiency is analyzed by LC-MS. We offer ARCA (Cap0), CleanCap (Cap1), and enzymatic capping (Cap1/2). The method selected depends on your application requirements.

What purity level can I expect for the final mRNA?

Each lot is purified to remove dsRNA, abortive products, enzymes, and salts. Specific purity targets are defined in the project scope and assessed via TapeStation and other methods.

Do you offer scaling beyond milligram quantities?

Yes, our protocols and purification methods are scalable. Production up to gram quantities can be scoped per project, with appropriate optimization of each step to maintain quality.

Services

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mRNA In Vitro Transcription and Modification Service

We provide custom mRNA synthesis services.

We produce custom-designed, high-quality mRNA transcripts optimized for stability, translation efficiency, and reduced immunogenicity.

Custom sequence design with codon optimization and cloning support
Flexible incorporation of modified nucleosides (pseudo-UTP, N1-methylpseudo-UTP, etc.)
Multiple 5' capping strategies (ARCA, CleanCap, Cap0/1/2) and polyA tail options
Integrated purification and multi-parameter analytical QC for lot consistency

Customize Your mRNA

How do we deliver high-quality mRNA?

Our in vitro transcription (IVT) platform combines flexible template generation, advanced capping chemistry, and rigorous quality control to produce mRNA suited for functional studies, preclinical dosing, and payload formulation.

Templates from plasmids, PCR products, or cDNA with T7/SP6 promoters
Co-transcriptional or post-transcriptional capping with Cap0, Cap1, or Cap2
Modified bases, self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), and circular RNA options
Scalable purification via reverse-phase, affinity, or IEX chromatography

Reproducible

Scalable

Customized

Our Approach

End-to-End mRNA Design and Manufacturing

From sequence optimization to final QC, each project is scoped to meet your specific requirements for length, modification pattern, and purity.

In Vitro Transcription Pipeline

We produce mRNA from linearized plasmid, PCR amplicon, or cDNA templates using T7 or SP6 RNA polymerase. The reaction incorporates natural or modified ribonucleotides to achieve desired stability and immune evasion.

Template preparation with sequence confirmation (Sanger, NGS)
IVT setup with custom NTP blends and cap analog addition
Post-synthesis purification (RP, IEX, or affinity) to remove dsRNA and abortive products

We engineer and modify mRNA for tailored outcomes.

We offer a suite of strategies to tailor mRNA translation, half-life, and immunogenicity, including modified bases, capping variants, and polyA tail design.

Pseudouridine, N1-methylpseudouridine, 5-methoxyuridine, and other modified nucleosides
ARCA, CleanCap, and enzymatic capping for specific cap structures
Template-encoded polyA tail or enzymatic polyadenylation with precise length control

Rigorous Quality Control

Each lot undergoes multi-parameter testing including length integrity (TapeStation), capping efficiency (LC-MS), polyA tail distribution, residual DNA/RNA, endotoxin, and dsRNA (ELISA).

Integrated Downstream Support

Where required, we provide small-scale LNP formulation development and analytics such as encapsulation efficiency, particle size (DLS), zeta potential, and potency in cell lines.

Scalable Production

IVT protocols and purification methods are optimized for scale, enabling transition from milligram to gram quantities while maintaining product specifications.

Deliverables

Comprehensive mRNA Product and Documentation

You receive purified mRNA along with a full analytical package to support your downstream applications.

Data and QC Reports

Nanodrop concentration (A260/A280), TapeStation length and purity
Sanger or NGS sequence confirmation of the IVT template
LC-MS capping efficiency and polyA tail length distribution
Residual host DNA (qPCR), residual protein, endotoxin (LAL), dsRNA (ELISA)

Final mRNA Product

Purified mRNA in RNase-free buffer, user-defined concentration
Optional: lyophilized formulation or custom buffer exchange
Certificate of Analysis with pass/fail criteria for each QC parameter
Small-scale LNP formulation analytics measure encapsulation efficiency, size, PDI, zeta potential, and expression potency.

Service Scope

Customizable Parameters for Each Project

The table below lists typical scoping parameters. Final specifications are determined during project consultation to match your application needs.

Parameter	Typical project scope
Template type	Linearized plasmid, PCR product, or cDNA; sequence-verified
Promoter	T7 or SP6 (custom promoters upon request)
Nucleoside modifications	Unmodified, pseudo-UTP, N1-methylpseudo-UTP, 5-methoxy-UTP, others
5' cap structure	Cap0 (ARCA), Cap1 (CleanCap), Cap2 (enzymatic); co- or post-transcriptional
PolyA tail	Template-encoded (length as designed) or enzymatic (∼150–200 nt)
RNA type	Conventional mRNA, self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), circular RNA
Purification method	Reverse-phase, affinity, or IEX; method optimized per project
QC package	Standard (purity, integrity, capping, endotoxin) or extended (dsRNA, bioburden, immunogenicity assay)
Scale	Milligram to gram quantities, scoped per project
Downstream support	LNP formulation analytics, potency testing in cell lines (when selected)

Workflow

From Gene to Purified mRNA

Each step is conducted in an RNase-free environment with in-process checks to ensure final product quality.

Sequence Design and Template Preparation

We perform codon optimization and gene synthesis (if needed) and generate linearized plasmid or PCR template. The template sequence is confirmed by Sanger or NGS prior to transcription.

In Vitro Transcription

IVT reaction is assembled with T7 or SP6 polymerase, NTPs (with or without modified bases), and cap analog (if co-transcriptional). Reaction conditions are optimized for yield and full-length product.

Capping and Polyadenylation (if post-transcriptional)

For post-transcriptional capping, vaccinia capping enzyme adds Cap0/1/2. PolyA tail is added enzymatically using E. coli polyA polymerase or via template-encoded sequence.

Purification and Formulation

RNA is purified by reverse-phase, affinity, or IEX chromatography to remove dsRNA, abortive transcripts, enzymes, and salts.

Quality Control and Release

A comprehensive QC panel is performed on the final lot, including concentration, length integrity, capping efficiency, polyA tail distribution, residual contaminants, and endotoxin. A Certificate of Analysis is issued.

Applications

Research and Preclinical Use Cases

Our mRNA is suitable for a variety of downstream studies, from functional assays to in vivo administration.

Quantitative protein expression in cell lines

Use our mRNA as a tool to express proteins of interest in cultured cells for signaling, toxicity, or reporter studies. Modified nucleosides reduce innate immune activation.

Reporter gene expression (Luciferase, GFP, etc.)
Overexpression of therapeutic proteins for phenotypic screening
Kinetics and dose-response characterization

In vivo dosing and immunogenicity evaluation

Our mRNA can be formulated with LNP or other carriers for small animal studies to assess pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and protective efficacy.

Vaccine candidate testing (infectious disease models)
Protein replacement therapy proof-of-concept
Immune response profiling (antibody, T cell)

Payload for lipid nanoparticle delivery

When paired with our formulation analytics, the same mRNA is used to develop LNP formulations with defined encapsulation efficiency, size, and potency.

Encapsulation efficiency and particle size optimization
Potency testing in multiple cell lines
Stability studies under storage conditions

FAQ

Common Questions About IVT mRNA Synthesis

Answers to frequent technical and service-related inquiries.

We accept linearized plasmid, PCR products, and cDNA. The template must contain a T7 or SP6 promoter. We can also perform gene synthesis, codon optimization, and cloning into a suitable vector.
We offer pseudo-UTP, N1-methylpseudo-UTP, 5-methoxy-UTP, and other modified nucleotides. The choice is scoped during consultation to balance stability and translational activity.
Capping efficiency is analyzed by LC-MS. We offer ARCA (Cap0), CleanCap (Cap1), and enzymatic capping (Cap1/2). The method selected depends on your application requirements.
Each lot is purified to remove dsRNA, abortive products, enzymes, and salts. Specific purity targets are defined in the project scope and assessed via TapeStation and other methods.
Yes, our protocols and purification methods are scalable. Production up to gram quantities can be scoped per project, with appropriate optimization of each step to maintain quality.
You receive a Certificate of Analysis covering concentration, length integrity, capping efficiency, polyA tail distribution, endotoxin, and optional tests such as residual DNA, protein, dsRNA, and bioburden.

Scientific Literature

References

Zhang S, Huang F, Wang Y, et al. NAT10-mediated mRNA N(4)-acetylcytidine reprograms serine metabolism to drive leukaemogenesis and stemness in acute myeloid leukaemia. Nature cell biology. 2024;26(12):2168-2182. View on PubMed
Xie R, Cheng L, Huang M, et al. NAT10 Drives Cisplatin Chemoresistance by Enhancing ac4C-Associated DNA Repair in Bladder Cancer. Cancer research. 2023;83(10):1666-1683. View on PubMed
Yu J, Chai P, Xie M, et al. Histone lactylation drives oncogenesis by facilitating m(6)A reader protein YTHDF2 expression in ocular melanoma. Genome biology. 2021;22(1):85. View on PubMed
Luo N, Huang Q, Zhang M, et al. Functions and therapeutic applications of pseudouridylation. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology. 2025;26(9):691-705. View on PubMed
Shi J, Yang C, Zhang J, et al. NAT10 Is Involved in Cardiac Remodeling Through ac4C-Mediated Transcriptomic Regulation. Circulation research. 2023;133(12):989-1002. View on PubMed
Keskin S, Pavel STI, Sak R, et al. Modified mRNA Encoding the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Nucleocapsid Protein Confers Robust Protection Against Lethal Challenge in Mice. Journal of medical virology. 2026;98(5):e70940. View on PubMed

Please kindly note that our products and services are for research use only.